SB 131 introduces two major tools:

• Nine new CEQA exemptions for public-serving projects like health clinics, childcare centers, broadband, wildfire safety improvements, and clean water infrastructure

• A streamlined review pathway for housing projects that narrowly miss exemption eligibility—they now only need to study the disqualifying factor, not the full CEQA scope

Together, these laws unlock new housing, reduce legal risk, and support infrastructure upgrades without years of litigation delays.

You can learn more about how CEQA litigation has historically delayed infill in our recent post on how value engineering helps control costs in real estate development.

Why These Reforms Happened Now

Three factors pushed these reforms forward:

1. Housing crisis: California has a shortfall of more than 300,000 housing units. Many cities are under pressure to rezone and approve more housing to meet their Housing Element targets.

2. Rising legal costs: CEQA lawsuits often delay housing for years, even in dense urban areas. Over 80% of CEQA litigation targets infill housing.

3. Governor’s housing agenda: Governor Gavin Newsom made CEQA reform a priority in 2025, packaging both bills with the state budget to ensure swift passage.

State lawmakers, especially those aligned with pro-housing coalitions, have long pushed for CEQA reform. These bills are a direct response to those pressures—and they passed with bipartisan support.

Detailed Breakdown of CEQA Exemptions Under AB 130

AB 130 lays out specific conditions a project must meet to qualify for CEQA exemption. Let’s walk through them.

Site Size and Location

• Projects must be 20 acres or smaller

• The site must be in an urbanized area or surrounded by existing urban development on at least three sides

• Greenfield or rural parcels do not qualify

• Sites cannot include protected environmental resources or sensitive habitat

This expansion is critical. The old Class 32 exemption only allowed 5 acres. Now, small and mid-size developers can build larger-scale housing by right—without triggering full CEQA.

Land Use and Zoning Consistency

• The project must meet objective general plan and zoning standards

• Density must align with city-adopted standards

• Sites located within 500 feet of a freeway must use enhanced HVAC systems to meet air filtration standards

Projects that require discretionary approvals or plan amendments generally do not qualify. This favors by-right development, giving an advantage to developers who work within existing land use rules.

You can learn how this compares with entitlement challenges in our post on how to conduct a pre-construction feasibility study.

Environmental and Tribal Review

While CEQA review is exempted, basic environmental diligence is still required:

• A Phase I Environmental Site Assessment must show no recognized environmental conditions (RECs)

• If contamination exists, developers must comply with local, state, or federal remediation standards before construction or occupancy

• Developers must notify California Native American tribes within 14 days of deeming the application complete

• If a tribe requests consultation, a good-faith process must begin within 30 days

These steps help ensure that projects do not harm environmental or cultural resources—even without a full CEQA review.

Labor Requirements

In most cases, AB 130 does not require prevailing wage or skilled workforce agreements unless:

• The project is 100% affordable housing, or

• The building is over 85 feet tall

Otherwise, developers retain flexibility in contractor and labor selection. This provides a balance between workforce protections and project feasibility.

Quick Reference: AB 130 Eligibility Table

Key Notes

• The law includes strict procedural timelines: agencies must act within 30 days after consultation ends or review concludes

• If the agency fails to respond, the exemption stands—this gives developers more control and predictability

• Legal challenges to exempt projects are more limited under this statute

AB 130 is now one of the most powerful tools for urban housing in California.

Step-by-Step Playbook to Apply These CEQA Exemptions

Let’s break down the playbook into a practical, repeatable sequence you can apply directly to projects.

Preliminary Site Screening and Eligibility Assessment

Start by answering:

• Is the parcel in an urban area or built-up context?

• Is the site ≤ 20 acres and free from sensitive habitat or watercourses?

• Does it meet local objective zoning and density rules?

Here’s a simple checklist:

• ☐ City zoning code check

• ☐ General Plan objective standard check

• ☐ Freeway setback / HVAC review

• ☐ Historic or endangered species layer check

If your project is just shy—say it misses one requirement—SB 131’s “near-miss” review step could save the day by limiting CEQA to that single issue.

Tribal Consultation Process

Once your initial screen shows eligibility:

1. Submit your project application.

2. Within 14 days of completeness, send notice to any California tribes listed for your jurisdiction.

3. If any tribe requests consultation, start within 30 days.

4. Limit engagement to cultural resources issues only—no need to open broader environmental study.

This shorter tribal review period contrasts with past indefinite timelines and brings clarity—and confidence—to project teams.

Phase I Environmental Assessment

Next, order a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) from a qualified consultant.

• If no recognized environmental conditions (RECs) appear, you’re clear to proceed.

• If a REC emerges, check if cleanup is required before issuance of the Notice of Exemption (NOE) or limited Initial Study.

• Wrap remediation under state, federal, or local cleanup laws—not through full CEQA process.

Quick tips:

• Choose a consultant familiar with AB 130 requirements

• Always get a “no-REC found” report in writing

• Ask for clean closure documents if remediation is needed

Labor Compliance & Documentation

AB 130 only triggers prevailing wage/skilled labor if:

• The project is 100% affordable, or

• The building is taller than 85 feet

Otherwise, standard labor rules apply. Your project team should:

• Confirm wage and labor standards relevant to the project scope

• Collect proof of residential affordability or height soon after entitlements

• Capture workforce agreements for compliance reviews

This clarity helps keep costs in control while meeting policy standards.

Filing and CEQA Documentation

For exempt projects:

• Prepare a Notice of Exemption

• Attach your Phase I ESA clearance

• Include tribal notice and consultation proof (if any)

• File with the city or county and clerk’s office

• Confirm city posts it publicly per CEQA rules

For near-miss projects under SB 131:

• Draft a focused Initial Study, only addressing the one issue that disqualified the project

• Skip broader alternatives or cumulative impact sections

• File the shortened Initial Study and waiting period (30 days)

• Issue an MND (Mitigated Negative Declaration) or No Further Action letter

Because the law limits review scope, litigation risk drops and agency timelines shorten—from 1–2 years to 3–5 months in many cases.

Practical Examples and Templates

Seeing is believing. Let’s review two real-world scenarios with sample templates.

Case Study: 18-Acre Infill Housing in Los Angeles

• Site: Former parking lot, surrounded by apartments

• Project: 300-unit multifamily complex on 18 acres

• Eligibility flow:

  • Urban context ✔

  • Zoning/density ✔

  • Phase I ESA: No contamination ✔

  • Tribal notice—20 tribes notified, no response ✔

  • Affordable units at 15%—labor thresholds not triggered ✔

Outcome:
No full CEQA, no EIR, project entitled in 5 months. Compare this with a typical 18–24 months timeline.

Case Study: Adaptive Reuse Medical Clinic Under SB 131

• Site: Vacant commercial building in urban core

• Project: New health clinic

• Eligibility flow:

  • Applies for SB 131 medical exemption ✔

  • Meets objective use and size limits ✔

  • Phase I ESA clean ✔

  • Tribal notice sent—no request ✔

  • No affordable housing—labor rules not needed ✔

Outcome:
Only submission of a single-issue Initial Study (focused on noise).
Approved in 110 days, just 3 months total.

Best Practices for Project Teams

These strategies will help your team operate efficiently, professionally, and with confidence.

Start Early with Eligibility Checks

• Conduct a land-use screen before design work starts

• Use GIS or online maps to confirm urban boundaries and freeway proximities

• Check tribal lists early—it helps avoid delays

Keep Records Organized

• Keep dated files with Phase I ESA reports, tribal notices, emails, and NOE/IS filings

• Many lawsuits fail when documentation is thin

• Organized filing builds trust and compliance defensibility

Monitor Agency Deadlines

• Local agencies now have strict 30-day windows to approve or contest

• If agency doesn’t act in time, the exemption can proceed

• Use JDJ’s calendar tools to track deadlines and ensure timely actions

Plan for Up-Front Consultation

Even when not required, outreach to neighbors, advocacy groups, and tribes—or posting “Project Ready!” signage—can head off later objections or lawsuits.

How Key Stakeholders View These Reforms

Understanding perspectives across the spectrum helps teams navigate both approval and opposition.

Housing Advocates & Developers

• Speed over litigation: Housing groups call AB 130/SB 131 a long-overdue fix. Streamlined timelines help cities meet approved Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) goals.

• Scale matters: Even homes built in urban “missing middle” density can scale to hundreds of units thanks to the 20-acre cap.

• On-the-ground wins: A recent LA mid-rise used AB 130 to speed approvals, saving ~$500,000 in environmental reviews alone.

Environmental & Tribal Concerns

• Science, not sweeping: Critics say CEQA reforms should focus on climate and habitat. AB 130 still requires Phase I assessments, but critics say cleanup standards vary by jurisdiction.

• Stronger tribal safeguards needed: While a 14-day tribal notice window and 30-day response help, some tribes advocate for broader consultation, especially for cultural impacts.

Agency Leaders & Elected Officials

• Clearer expectations: Streamlined CEQA gives staff a predictable process. City planning divisions in Sacramento and San Diego tell JDJ that “our project intake time dropped 40%.”

• Budget alignment: Agencies can serve more applicants with fewer delays, aligning CEQA with the HCD’s Housing Element timeline.